Number: 001

In the vertebral canal, the CSF is located between which of the following layers?

a) Vertebral periostium and spinal dura

b) Spinal dura and membranous arachnoid

c) Membranous arachnoid and pia

d) Pia and the glial endfeet

Number: 002

The denticulate ligament in the spinal canal separates which of the following pairs of structures?

a) Spinal cord from arachnoid

b) Dorsal roots from ventral roots

c) Dorsal roots from dorsal root ganglion

d) Ventral root from spinal nerve

Number: 003

The dorsal root ganglion contains the cell bodies of which of the following structures?

a) Alpha motor neurons

b) Spinal interneurons

c) Sensory neurons

d) Corticospinal neurons

Number: 004

The conus medullaris contains the neurons controlling which of the following activities:

a) Respiration

b) Upper extremity muscles

c) Abdominal muscles

d) Bladder and bowel sphincters

Number: 005

Which of the following structures would be the longest:

a) Cervical dorsal roots

b) Thoracic dorsal roots

c) Lumbar dorsal roots

d) Sacral dorsal roots

Number: 006

Which of the following spinal cord segments would have the most white matter:

a) Cervical

b) Thoracic

c) Lumbar

d) Sacral

e) Coccygeal

Number: 007

The Falx Cerebri is composed of:

a) Outer dura

b) Inner dura

c) Arachnoid

d) Pia

e) White matter

Number: 008

Cerebrospinal fluid leaves the subarachnoid space by draining directly into the:

a) Cerebral veins

b) Jugular veins

c) Dural venous sinuses

d) Cerebral aqueduct

Number: 009

The motor loss typical of peripheral neuropathy is best termed:

a) Spastic paralysis

b) Flaccid paralysis

c) Dyskinesia

d) Ataxia

Number: 010

The motor loss typical seen in the lower extremities following a cervical transection of the spinal cord is best termed:

a) Spastic paralysis

b) Flaccid paralysis

c) Dyskinesia

d) Ataxia

Number: 011

The dorsal and ventral roots fuse together to form the spinal nerve as they:

a) Pass around the dentriculate ligament

b) Enter the root sleeve

c) Pass through the intervertebral canal

d) Enter the peripheral tissue outside the vertebral column

Number: 012

Which of the following cell types is most associated with myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

a) Astrocytes

b) Oligodendrocytes

c) Microglial cells

d) Satellite cells

e) Schwann cells

Number: 013

Which of the following cells is most associated with myelination of axons in the central nervous system?

a) Astrocytes

b) Oligodendrocytes

c) Microglial cells

d) Satellite cells

e) Schwann cells

Number: 014

Which of the following cell types is best associated with the fomation of end-feet to surround the blood vessels of the central nervous system?

a) Astrocytes

b) Oligodendrocytes

c) Microglial cells

d) Satellite cells

e) Schwann cells

Number: 015

Which of the following peripheral nerve layers is continuous with the spinal dura in the intervertebral canal?

a) Epineurium

b) Perineuroium

c) Endoneurium

d) Adventitia

Number: 016

The vasculature that perfuses a peripheral nerve is termed:

a) Nervi nervorum

b) Vasa vasorum

c) Vasa nervorum

d) Nervi vasorum

Number: 017

In the peripheral nerve, the meningeal layer best associated with the formation of the blood-nerve barrier is termed:

a) Spinal dura

b) Perineurium

c) Endoneurium

d) Adventitia

e)

Number: 018

The meningeal layer that is most closely associated with the axons in a peripheral nerve is termed:

a) Adventitial layer

b) Epineurium

c) Perineurium

d) Endoneurium

Number: 19

The cells surrounding neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia are best termed:

a) Ependymal cells

b) Pial cells

c) Oligodentrocytes

d) AStrocytes

e) Satellite cells

Number: 020

The best description of the neurons present in the dorsal root ganglion would be

a) Round cells

b) Multipolar cells

c) Unipolar cells

d) Pseudounipolar cells

e) Pyramidal cells

Number: 021

The best description of the neurons present in an autonomic ganglion would be

a) Round cells

b) Multipolar cells

c) Unipolar cells

d) Pseudounipolar cells

e) Pyramidal cells

Number: 022

Which of the following is a correct association between a spinal cord region and function?

a) Substantia Gelatinosa: pain & temperature sensation

b) Nucleus Proprius: conscious proprioception (position sense)

c) Anterior (ventral) horn: upper motorneuron cell bodies

d) Intermediolateral Cell Column: preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

e) Fasciculus Gracilis/Cuneatus: crude touch sensation

Number: 023

A patient shows a deficit in proprioception and in two-point discrimination on the left arm and the rest of the left side of the body below the arm. No other sensory deficits are found on either side. No motor deficits are found. This sensory deficit is consistent with damage to which of the following tracts?

a) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, right side

b) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, left side

c) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, left side

d) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, left side

e) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, right side

Number: 024

A patient shows a deficit in pin-prick sensation testing on the left arm and the rest of the left side of the body below the arm. No other sensory deficits are found on either side. No motor deficits are found. This sensory deficit is consistent with damage to which of the following tracts?

a) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, right side

b) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, left side

c) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, left side

d) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, left side

e) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, right side

Number: 025

Your patient reports progressive muscle weakness in the left leg and foot, but shows normal strength in the entire right leg and right foot. An exaggerated patellar tendon reflex and a Babinski sign are present only on the left side. No muscle fasciculations are evident, none in either leg. But when you flex the patient’s left knee, the left leg repeatedly extends and flexes rhythmically. Motor function and reflexes are normal in the right leg, in the trunk, and in both arms. You find no sensory deficits at all. This motor deficit is consistent with damage to which of the following spinal cord regions?

a) Anterior Corticospinal Tract, left side

b) Anterior Corticospinal Tract, right side

c) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, left side

d) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, right side

e) Anterior Horn, left side

Number: 026

You have just tested a patient’s patellar reflex on both knees and both sides show normal responses. You have just confirmed that which of the following spinal cord structures are intact?

a) Anterior Corticospinal Tracts, from cortex down through S1

b) Lateral Corticospinal Tracts, from cortex down through S1

c) Posterior roots, posterior horns, anterior horns, and anterior roots at L1

d) Posterior roots, posterior horns, anterior horns, and anterior roots at L4

e) Posterior roots, posterior horns, anterior horns, and anterior roots at S1

Number: 026

Your patient reports a gradual loss of all sensation along the right shoulder only, but has not noticed any changes in sensation in the rest of the right side of the body or anywhere on the left side if the body. Your exam confirms the patient’s symptoms (loss of pain, temperature, crude touch, discriminative touch, and proprioception) and finds no motor deficits of any kind. This sensory deficit is consistent with which of the following:

a) A neuropathy involving the axillary nerve, right side (C5-C6)

b) A lesion involving the posterior root (radiculopathology), right side (C5-C6)

c) A lesion in the posterior horn, right side (C5-C6

d) A lesion in the posterior funiculus, right side (C5-C6)

e) A lesion of the anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract, right side (C5-C6)

Number: 027

An 80-year-old male presents with the acute onset of paralysis involving both lower extremities and loss of bowel and bladder control. Sensory exam finds a level at T10 below which there is dense analgesia however proprioception, vibratory sense and discriminative touch are intact thorughout his body and face. The most likely explanation for these findings would be:

a) An ependymal tumor in the center of his spinal cord at T10

b) A posteriorly directed herniated disc impacting the spinal cord at T10

c) A rapidly evolving syrinx at T10

d) An infarcted spinal cord secondary to occclusion of the great medullary artery

e) A rapidly evolving multiple sclerotic plaque developing at T10

Number:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

Number:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)